The abacus is an antique tool used all over the world
for calculation and computation. It has been largely replaced by calculators,
but Abacus is fun to use. Here we will learn how to add and subtract by the
old-fashion way.
Make yourself comfortable with the structure of the abacus:-
The abacus consists of two parts which are divided by the
centre bar. Each part consists of columns of beads. The lower part usually
consists of four beads and the upper part of one or two beads.
1. The beads in the
lower part are assigned values randomly. For example, you may assign the beads
in the rightmost rod a value of 1. Then you may subsequently assign a value of
10 to the rod to its left, and a value of 100 to the rod further left and
so on and so forth.
2. The beads in the upper part are worth five times the value
of the beads in the lower part.
Start with all beads at the bottom: Lean your abacus towards yourself so all beads will fall to
the bottom. You need to clear the Abacus as no beads should touch the centre
bar in the abacus. Hence the reading on abacus will be zero.
Write your first number
1. Break the number down
into single digits. Let’s say break 13 into 1 tens plus 3 units.
2. Move, from the tens
rod, a number of beads equal to the tens digit. In the above example, this
number is one. Likewise move, from the units rod, a number of beads equal to
the units digit. In above example, that number is 8, and there are only four
beads. To overcome this problem, move one bead toward centre bar from the upper
part of the abacus. That bead is equal to 5. Now just move 3 more beads from
the lower part.
Place the second number:
How you put the second number will depend whether you are
working on addition or subtraction.
1. If you are working on
addition, then divide the number into digits just like above and move up
further beads in addition to those already up.
2. In case you are on
subtraction, then also you need to break the digit in same manner as above but
bring down beads from the ones already above.
Read your total: Count the number of beads in every rod. This will give you the
value of each digit. Let’s say if you get a value at 100th rod
as 1 bead and on 10th rod 4 beads and on the unit rod it is 8, this will give
you a result of 148.
Apart from this, you need to remember if you are dealing with
decimals, you can move the unit’s column to the left. Never forget that the
abacus does not come up with the calculations, but it helps you to boost your
skills on calculations.
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